Habitat Loss and Fragmentation:
Climate change exacerbates habitat loss due to rising sea levels, altered precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of extreme events. Disruptions in habitats can lead to decreased species abundance, loss of specialized habitats, and increased susceptibility to invasive species. Additionally, habitat fragmentation can limit species’ ability to disperse and adapt, further increasing their vulnerability to climate change.
Ecosystem Functioning:
Climate change can disrupt ecosystem functioning through altered nutrient cycling, changes in primary productivity, and shifts in species interactions. These disruptions have far-reaching consequences for ecosystem services, such as pollination, seed dispersal, and carbon sequestration. Disturbed ecosystem functioning can reduce the resilience of ecosystems and hinder their ability to adapt to changing conditions.
Genetic Diversity:
Increased temperatures and shifting climates can affect the genetic diversity of populations. Genetic diversity is crucial for species’ adaptation and resilience to changing environmental conditions. Reduced genetic diversity can limit the adaptive potential of populations, making them more susceptible to disease outbreaks and other stressors associated with climate change.
